| 倪晋仁,韩 鹏,张 剑.基于自组织理论的黄土坡面细沟发育特征分析*[J].水利学报,2002,33(1):0006-0010 |
| 基于自组织理论的黄土坡面细沟发育特征分析* |
| Characteristics of loess slope evolution based on concept of self-organization |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黄土坡面 细沟发育 自组织模型 面蚀 沟蚀 |
| 英文关键词: loess slope rill evolution self-organization model sheet erosion rill erosion |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 结合作者提出的坡面发育自组织模型，本文对典型坡度条件下坡面的发育过程进行了模拟，并重点分析了面蚀与沟蚀在坡面侵蚀中的关系，尤其是关于面蚀和沟蚀贡献大小的转化机理这样一些过去无法预测的方面。结果表明，面蚀与沟蚀在侵蚀机理上有本质的区别。当坡度小于20°时，面蚀在总体侵蚀中所占的比例随坡度的增大而迅速减小；当坡度大于20°时，其减小速度随坡度的继续增加则明显变缓。由面蚀为主向沟蚀为主的转化过程之快慢，在土壤及降雨等条件一定时与坡面的坡度关系很大。15°以下的缓坡面蚀向沟蚀转化的时刻远远滞后于20°以上的陡坡。这种差异可能是由于陡坡发育过程中坡面破碎程度远远高于缓坡所造成的。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the model presented in companion paper, slope evolution under different slopes is simulated. The relation between sheet erosion and rill erosion, the mechanism of transformation, which is hardly to establish in previous studies, are examined. It is shown that the ratio of sheet erosion to total erosion yield decreases substantially with the increase of slope. For the given slope, sheet erosion decreases while rill erosion increases in the slope evolution. The slope plays an important role in the transformation of sheet erosion into rill erosion. The critical time needed for the transformation altered by the slope. The critical time is much shorter during the slope is greater than 20°。 |
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