文章摘要
许炯心.人类活动影响下的黄河下游河道泥沙淤积宏观趋势研究[J].水利学报,2004,35(2):0008-0016
人类活动影响下的黄河下游河道泥沙淤积宏观趋势研究
Tendency of sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River influenced by human activities
  
DOI：
中文关键词: 河流泥沙  河道淤积  水土保持  水资源利用  黄河下游
英文关键词: river sediment  channel sedimentation  erosion control  utilization of water resources  Lower Yellow River
基金项目:
作者单位
许炯心 中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101 
摘要点击次数: 1936
全文下载次数: 199
中文摘要:
      以1950～1997年间黄河下游来水量、来沙量和河道淤积量的长系列资料研究了黄河下游泥沙淤积的宏观趋势，结果显示，尽管来沙量和来水量都呈显著的减少趋势，但下游河道淤积量在总体上却并无减少的趋势。黄河下游河道淤积量随来沙量的减少而减小，随来水量的减小而增大。大规模的水土保持，使入黄泥沙大幅度减少，有利于下游河道减淤；人类大规模开发利用黄河水资源，使下游河道来水量大幅度减少，输沙能力下降，会使下游淤积量增 大。二者在数量上接近于相等而互相抵消，使得下游淤积量并无减少的趋势。黄河下游来沙大幅度减小而淤积量基本保持不变，这主要是由于河道泥沙输移比减小所导致的结果；而泥沙输移比的减小则与下游河道水流输沙能力的减弱和来沙系数的增大有关。
英文摘要:
      Based on the data of annual runoff, sediment load and channel sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River from 1950 to 1997, this paper deals with the overall tendency of channel sedimentation at the time scale of 50 years. The result shows that although both runoff and sediment load exhibited a clear tendency towards decreasing, the overall tendency of channel sedimentation indicates no change with time. A regression analysis indicates that the channel sedimentation of the Lower Yellow River decreases with the sediment input but increases with the runoff input. In the past 30～40 years, the basin\|wide practice of erosion control measures led to a decline in the sediment supply into the Yellow River, but in the meantime, development of water resources utilization by mankind resulted in great reduction in runoff. The former may reduce the sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River, but the latter may increase the sedimentation. When their effects counterbalance each other, the overall tendency of channel sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River may remain unchanged. This study also indicates that it is the decrease in channel sediment delivery ratio (SDR) that leads to the fact that the channel sedimentation of the Lower Yellow River remain unchanged while the sediment input declines significantly. The decreased SDR may be related to the decline of sediment carrying ability of stream flow and the increase in the ratio of sediment concentration to flow discharge.
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