| 刘宏伟,余钟波,崔广柏.湿润地区土壤水分对降雨的响应模式研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(7): |
| 湿润地区土壤水分对降雨的响应模式研究 |
| Pattern of soil moisture responding to precipitation in humid area |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 降雨 土壤水 坡地响应 太湖流域 优势流 |
| 英文关键词: precipitation soil moisture hill slope response preferential flow Taihu Lake watershed |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究湿润地区降雨—土壤水水文过程，在太湖西侧通过野外坡面试验来研究地表和地下剖面上土壤水分对降雨过程的响应模式。结果表明：坡面上土壤含水率受地形和局部微地形影响显著。雨量较大时，土壤含水率过程线呈现两拐点三阶段(上升、平台和退水期)；雨量较小时呈现单拐点两阶段(上升和退水期)。上升期受前期土壤含水率和土壤特性影响；平台期土壤含水率接近饱和并对雨强大小略有响应，是产流的主要阶段；退水期开始于降雨停止时，但地势高处对低处的补给会使低处退水期开始时间后延。沿坡度方向土壤含水率对降雨的响应过程整体表现出下部饱和度较高并且先出现饱和带，之后饱和带向上部逐渐扩展。垂向土壤含水率响应分为特征不同的三层。浅层对降雨响应明显，不同深度土壤含水率随时间变化过程线形状与降雨过程线相比有一定的平移和延长；中层同时受降雨入渗和地下水位变动影响；深层主要受地下水位变动控制。浅层有优势流现象出现，受土壤结构影响，并受降雨量大小控制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The characteristics of surface and subsurface soil moisture responding to precipitation are studied based on a series of field observation on a hill slope in the Taihu Lake watershed. The result shows that the volume water content in soil is obviously affected by topography and local micro topography. When the amount of rainfall is large, the variation process of soil water content can be divided into three periods, including the rising, steady and decreasing period. Otherwise, when rainfall is small, the process exhibits two periods only (rising and decreasing period). The rising period is controlled by the antecedent soil moisture and the characteristics of soil. Soil moisture in steady period is approximately to be saturated, but the water content still response to the rainfall intensity slightly. It is the period in which the runoff is produced. The decreasing period generally begins at the stop of rainfall, but it always being delayed due to the water supplement from the higher position of the hill slope. Along the direction of the hill slope the responding process exhibits the tendency of higher saturation at the foot of hill and reaches the saturated situation at the first. Afterward, the saturated area expands to the upper area. The subsurface response can be divided into three layers: upper, middle and deep. The upper layer responds strongly to the precipitation. The middle layer is influenced both by the rainfall and the variation of ground water. The deep layer is totally controlled by the groundwater and capillary water. In the upper layer, preferential flow is observed in some rain events, which is influenced by the soil structure and rainfall. |
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