| 刘晓燕,连煜,可素娟.黄河河口生态需水分析[J].水利学报,2009,40(8): |
| 黄河河口生态需水分析 |
| Analysis on water demand for ecosystem protection in Yellow River Delta |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 黄河 三角洲 湿地 生态 需水 |
| 英文关键词: Yellow River delta wetland ecosystem ecological water use runoff |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄河入海水量及其流量变化过程对保障其河口三角洲生态健康具有十分重要的作用。本文分析了黄河三角洲生态系统的结构、组成及其功能，认为该生态系统关键期为5—9月。分析了黄河渔洼以下三角洲生态系统中的陆域湿地、河流湿地以及近海水域等重要生态单元生境修复与黄河径流条件的关系，重点分析了鸟类生境、河道内鱼类生境和近海水生生物繁衍生境的生态需水，提出了它们对黄河入海水量及其流量过程的要求。在统筹考虑黄河天然径流条件、自然功能用水和社会功能用水的平衡、黄河水资源配置条件等因素后，进一步提出现阶段黄河向其三角洲生态系统提供的生态用水控制指标：5—6月繁殖关键期的适宜水量约22亿m3，相应的利津断面流量应不低于150m3/s，最好能达到250m3/s；7—10月应保障洪水量级不低于3500m3/s、平水期流量不低于200～300m3/s；11月—次年4月流量应不低于75m3/s，最好能达到120m3/s。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The sea going runoff and flow discharge variation process of the Yellow River are vital to the health of ecosystem in the river mouth delta. For the purpose of estimating the ecological water demand, the ecosystem is divided into three ecological units according to their function, including the wetland in land area, wetland in river area and offshore sea area. The relationship between environmental restoration and runoff flow conditions for these units are investigated based on in situ observation and data analysis, with emphases laid on the water demand of eco environment for breeding of birds, fishes and aquatic organism in different seasons. The required annual sea going runoff and flow discharge variation process for each unit are suggested. On the basis of comprehensively considering the natural condition, water demands for social and economy development and necessity for environment protection the controlled indexes of water use, including the suitable total runoff volume in breeding period and suitable river flow discharge in different seasons, are proposed. |
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