| 许 迪,龚时宏,李益农,刘 钰.作物水分生产率改善途径与方法研究综述[J].水利学报,2010,41(6): |
| 作物水分生产率改善途径与方法研究综述 |
| Overview of recent study on improvement approaches and methods for crop water productivity |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 作物水分生产率 节水 灌溉 农艺 工程 生物 |
| 英文关键词: crop water productivity water- saving irrigation biology engineering agronomy |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在阐述影响作物水分生产率的主要因素基础上,对作物水分生产率改善途径与方法的研究进展及内容进行综述,现有研究表明，获取单位用水的最高产量即极大化作物水分生产率是当今农业节水面临的最重要挑战之一，较高的作物水分生产率与适度产量间的结合对干旱缺水地区的作物高效用水意义重大,生物节水(品种遗传改良,作物生理学特性调节等)与工程节水(节水灌溉方法,非充分灌溉制度等)和农艺节水(增加土壤肥力和有机质,保护性耕作措施等)的紧密集合可在很大程度上解决农业缺水问题,应采用新的科学方法与信息，着重从农作物品种的基因改良,考虑灌溉经济社会净收益极大化的经济效率分析,农作物种植收益的风险评估等方面入手，研究和改善用于提高作物水分生产率的途径与方法. |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper presents an overview of the advancement in study and topics of the improvement approaces and methods for crop water productivity on the basis of elaborating the main factors that affect crop water productivity. The maximum yield obtained from unit water，i.e. maximizing the crop water prod uctivity，is one of the most important topics of study on agricultural water saving. The coordinati on of higher crop water productivity with moderate crop yield has important significance in the effec tive use of water in arid and water shortage areas. Combining the biological water- saving measures，such as improvement of variety inheritance and adjustment of crop physiological charact eristics，with engineering solutions including the water saving irrigation method，deficit irrigation，and agro nomic manipulation ( increase of soil fertility and organic matter，protective tilling measure，etc. ) may solve the problem of water shortage in agriculture to a certain extent. New scientific method and information are needed in the study on the approaches and methods to improve crop water productivity，starting mainly with gene improvement of crop variety，economic efficiency analysis considering the maximization of net social benefit of irrigation economy and risk management of crop income，etc. |
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