| 刘飞,张小峰,罗平安.水流泥沙进入平原初期河槽形成发展规律的试验研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(4): |
| 水流泥沙进入平原初期河槽形成发展规律的试验研究 |
| Experimental study on the formation and development of river channel with water flow and sediment transport in initial plain |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 河床演变 塑造 河道形态 概化试验 |
| 英文关键词: alluvial river reforming and maintaining channel morphology generalized experiment |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用模型沙进行水槽概化试验，研究水流泥沙从山区进入平原初期的河槽形成发展过程。经过434h的试验历时，将试验段分成三部分：0~2m的上段，2~10m的中段和10~15m的下段，并重点对原始基床上淤积体形成发展规律、河道形态演变过程及河槽塑造成因三方面进行研究，得到如下认识：淤积体在上段先纵向推进，后慢慢横向展宽，最后淤积抬高形成稳定河漫滩；中段随河槽主流向下游周期摆动，两岸淤积体前缘沿流程方向以1m 间距周期发展，且形成明显的滩槽；下段弯道河槽处发生凹岸撇弯和凸岸切滩现象，主流袭夺新道，使河床表面淤积体趋于同步发展；不同试验历时下的各段断面形态表明河床整体淤积抬高发展。河道形态演变过程经历：分汊河道、单一微弯河道和蜿蜒状河道三个阶段，最终形成蜿蜒状河道，并分析出各阶段的形成原因。最后从床沙因素和边界条件对河槽塑造成因进行分析。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| By using model sand in the flume generalized experiment to investigate the formation and development of river channel during the initial stage when water flow and sediment are transport into plain area from mountain streams. After 434h of experiment， the model was divided into three parts： the upper section （0~2m），the central section （2~10m） and the lower section （10~15m），and mainly focus on researching the formation and development rule of deposition， the evolution process of alluvial landforms and the forming process of river channel in original base bed. The results show that for deposition in the upper section，longitudinal launching in the first，then transverse broadening slowly and finally silting up into stable deposit； the central section swing in cycle in downstream direction along with the main stream， and the leading edge of deposition of both sides develop along the water flow in 1m spacing development cycle，finally make clear shoal-channel. Because of the phenomenon that concave bank’s bend bypassing and convex bank shoal cutting which occurring at the curved river channel in the lower section， and the mainstream captured the new way made the deposition in river bed surface tends to synchronous development. Different section morphology of different experimental time show that the riverbed silt up in general. The winding river was eventually formed in the whole river plate surface， and the causes of the straight river channel in the upper section were analyzed， the binding and single-strand river of no branching the middle section and braided stream in the lower section. Finally，the formation of channel is analyzed from the bed load and boundary conditions. |
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