| 李文哲,王兆印,李志威,张晨笛,吕立群.阶梯-深潭系统消能机理的实验研究[J].水利学报,2014,45(5): |
| 阶梯-深潭系统消能机理的实验研究 |
| Experiments on energy dissipation mechanism of step-pool system |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 阶梯-深潭系统 消能机理 能量转化 消能率 |
| 英文关键词: step-pool system energy dissipation mechanism energy transfer energy dissipation ratio |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 阶梯-深潭系统能稳定河床、控制下切以及减小山洪泥石流灾害，其原因在于能高效消耗水流能量。通过野外实验，研究了不同流量下消能率变化规律，分析了水流沿阶梯-深潭能量转化过程，探讨了阶梯-深潭中能量的消耗机理。实验工况下（单宽流量5~210 L/s）阶梯-深潭具有很高的消能率（64 %~91 %），按部位其消能可分为阶梯消能和深潭消能，推导得到的消能率计算公式计算值和实测数据符合较好。在不同流量下阶梯消能方式因水流形态的改变有所不同，深潭消能可分为3个区域：水跃主流区、主流区两侧的两个大尺度漩涡区和主流区与周围区域交界的区域，它们的消能方式各有不同。当流量较小时，阶梯-深潭系统消能主要由阶梯段完成。流量增加后，阶梯段消能所占比例减小，深潭消能作用增强。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Step-pool system dissipates energy efficiently， therefore it could stabilize riverbed， control channel incision and reduce mountainous natural disasters （e.g. landslide and debris flow）. The energy dissipation ratio under 6 experiment conditions （5~210 L/s） was studied through field experiment. A formula for calculation of energy dissipation ratio was deduced based on the research achievements of predecessors on the stepped spillway， plunge pool and hydraulic jump， the calculated values of the formula were accorded with the measuring values well. The total energy dissipation zone was divided with step dissipation zone and pool dissipation zone. The step dissipation ratio varied rapidly with flow regime changing. The pool dissipation zone could be divided into three parts： hydraulic jump region， whirlpool region and the boundary section of the former two regions. The step played a more important role in energy dissipation under small discharge than the pool. As the discharge increased， the pool dissipated more energy than the step， and the step-pool system maintained high energy dissipation ratio in high discharge. |
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