| 张罗号.基于涡量-动量传递理论的天然河流流速与含沙量垂线分布公式[J].水利学报,2014,45(5): |
| 基于涡量-动量传递理论的天然河流流速与含沙量垂线分布公式 |
| The formula of velocity and sediment concentration distribution based on the transport of vorticity-momentum in natural rivers |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 流速 含沙量 紊流 涡量传递 公式 |
| 英文关键词: velocity sediment concentration turbulence transfer of vorticity formula |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 流速分布规律的研究是揭示水流流动特性的关键，含沙量分布规律的定量描述是研究悬移质运动的基础。鉴于同室内水槽试验资料相近的经典公式，同天然河流实测资料存在较大差距，本文在回顾前人研究成果的基础上，首先以涡量传递及动量传递理论为基础，对涡团模式建立的掺长积分取平均值后，求解恒定二维均匀紊流时均运动方程，得出了紊流流速垂线分布公式。然后，运用所得流速公式确定悬移质扩散系数，求解平衡情况下的扩散方程，得出了悬移质含沙量垂线分布公式。实测资料检验结果表明，本文建立的公式能较好描述天然河流流速及含沙量垂线分布规律，且克服了前人经典公式的理论缺陷。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Research on velocity distribution is the key to reveal the characteristics of the water flow， and a quantitative description of sediment concentration distribution is the basis for studying suspended sediment movement. Since the classic formulas obtained by current flume test data have a big gap comparing with the measured data from natural rivers，in this paper，based on the review of previous research and the vorticity and momentum transfer theory， a formula for vertical velocity distribution in turbulent flow has been deduced by solving the mean motion equations of two-dimensional steady and homogeneous turbulence with the average of integrated mixing length on the eddy model. Using the formula to determine the diffusion coefficient of suspended sediment and to solve the diffusion equation under equilibrium conditions， and then a formula has been obtained for the vertical distribution of suspended sediment. The test results by observed data show that the two formulas established in this paper can better describe the natural river flow and vertical distribution law of sediment concentration， which overcome the deficiencies of previous classic formulas. |
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