吕立群,王兆印,徐梦珍,漆力健,张晨笛.怒江泥石流扇地貌特征与扇体堵江机理研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(10):1245-1252 |
怒江泥石流扇地貌特征与扇体堵江机理研究 |
Geomorphic characters of debris flow fans along Nu River and the river blocking mechanisms |
投稿时间:2016-03-20 |
DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20160255 |
中文关键词: 泥石流扇 怒江 堰塞湖 洪积扇 泥沙淤积 |
英文关键词: debris flow fan Nu River dammed lake flood fan energy dissipation. |
基金项目:中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-05-01);国家自然科学基金项目(20141300833);国家自然科学基金杰出青年科学基金项目(51525901) |
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中文摘要: |
怒江流域泥石流沟众多,而且主要是两相泥石流。两相泥石流龙头集中了大量的粗大卵石和砾石,形成的扇体阻力大,是改变怒江河流地貌形态的主控因素。洪积扇的数量和规模远远小于泥石流扇,科学区分怒江两岸的泥石流扇和洪积扇对山区防灾减灾意义重大。许多泥石流扇完全堵塞主河形成了堰塞湖,怒江高黎贡山峡谷河段几乎每隔10~20 km就有一个泥石流堰塞湖,峡谷河段形成一段段顺直河谷连接堰塞湖缓流+堰塞坝激流的不断重复的河道,造成堵江的泥石流沟的流域面积多集中在40 km2左右。泥石流堰塞坝尼克点的发育造成了河道内大量泥沙淤积,利用钻孔采样的方法分析了堰塞湖内泥沙淤积规律。野外测量和计算发现组成泥石流的规模和龙头出沟口的速度是造成堵河的主控因素。 |
英文摘要: |
A large number of gullies along the Nu River are debris flow gullies, and most of them are two-phase debris flows gullies. A typical two-phase debris flow exhibits a high and steep flow head consist-ing of rolling boulders and cobbles and large resistance or low velocity, which is easy to form fan beside the Nu River. The size and density of flood fans are much lower than debris flow fans. Distinction of de-bris flow fans and flood fans is helpful to disaster reduction in mountain areas. Many debris flow fans com-pletely blocked the Nu River and formed dammed lakes. There is almost one debris flow dammed lake per 10-20km at Nu River of Gaoligong Mountain gorge section. The Nu River of Gaoligong Mountain gorge sec-tion formed repeated sections of straight flow connecting Lake flow and weir dam. The debris flow gullies blocking river were main distributed in valleys area of 40km2. The debris flow fans blocking the Nu River was main cause of sedimentation,and the sedimentary rate assessment in debris flow dammed lake was ex-plored based on drill technology. Energy equations were established to analysis the mechanics of river block-ing by the two-phase debris flow fans. Energy equations and field investigation showed that the velocity and volume of debris flow head from gullies were main causes to block the Nu River. |
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