| 吴乔枫,刘曙光,蔡奕,蒋杨明.流域非闭合特性对岩溶地区水文过程模拟的影响[J].水利学报,2017,48(4):457-466 |
| 流域非闭合特性对岩溶地区水文过程模拟的影响 |
| Effect of unclosed characteristics of the basin on hydrological modeling in Karst regions |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-07 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20160705 |
| 中文关键词: 岩溶流域 非闭合特性 新安江模型 水文过程模拟 |
| 英文关键词: karst basin unclosed characteristic Xinanjiang model hydrological modeling |
| 基金项目:水利部公益性项目（201401057）；教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金（2013-1792） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 岩溶地区通常发育有大量岩溶裂隙、管道和洞穴，构成错综复杂的地下输水网络，形成了独特的流域水循环模式。地下岩溶构造的存在会造成地下分水岭与地表分水岭的不重合，流域趋于非闭合状态。为了弄清岩溶流域非闭合特性对水文过程模拟的影响，本文以桂林岩溶地区潮田河（漓江支流）流域为研究区域，采用三水源新安江模型模拟该地区多年降雨径流过程。通过比较几组给定流域面积的模拟结果，分析了流域计算面积选取对潮田河流域水文模拟结果精度的影响，并探讨了流域非闭合特性影响下该地区的水体流动模式。研究结果表明：模型率定时，当流域计算面积由340 km2变化至460 km2时，NSE先增大后减小，RE值持续增大，两者在380~390 km2时可同时达到最优；结合不同时间尺度下径流模拟精度的分析结果，给出了合理的流域计算面积，比基于地表分水岭提取的流域面积约小8.9%~11.2%，故部分水量可能通过地下岩溶构造流向邻近流域。合理的流域计算面积对潮田河流域径流模拟精度提高显著，尤其是提升了枯季径流的模拟。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In karst areas, there is usually a complex subsurface water system due to the well-developed karst fractures, conduits and caves, which contributes to the special water cycle pattern. The existence of karst structure leads to the noncoincidence of the surface and underground watersheds and as a result, the basin becomes unclosed. In order to comprehend the effect of unclosed characteristics of a karst basin on hydrological modeling,the Chaotianhe River basin (an important subbasin of the Lijiang River basin) is selected as the study area. The Xinanjiang model is used as the hydrological model to simulate the rainfall-runoff process for a study period from 1996 to 2005. Through comparing calibrateion results obtained by using several different area values of the basin, the effect of watershed area selection on model simulation accuracy is analyzed. Furthermore, the water exchange pattern between the Chaotianhe River basin and the surrounding watershed was discussed. The results show that the NSE firstly increases and then decreases and the RE increases when the watershed area varies from 340 km2 to 460 km2. The NSE reaches the maximum and the RE closes to zero when the watershed area is near 380~390 km2. It implies that the reasonable watershed area shrinks by 8.9%~11.2%, compared with the surface watershed area of the Chaotianhe River basin, owing to a proportion of water flowing into the adjacent basins through karst structures. The performance of the hydrological model for Chaotianhe River basin is improved significantly by using the calibrated watershed area,especially for dry seasons. |
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