| 谭均军,高柱,戴会超,石小涛.竖缝式鱼道水力特性与鱼类运动特性相关性分析[J].水利学报,2017,48(8):924-932,944 |
| 竖缝式鱼道水力特性与鱼类运动特性相关性分析 |
| The correlation analysis between hydraulic characteristics of vertical slot fishway and fish movement characteristics |
| 投稿时间：2016-08-02 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20160822 |
| 中文关键词: 竖缝式鱼道 四大家鱼 水力因子 运动轨迹 相关性分析 |
| 英文关键词: VSF major Chinese carps hydraulic factors fish movement trajectories correlation analysis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51279047，51579136，51409151）；三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金（KF2015-01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 竖缝式鱼道（Vertical Slot Fishway，VSF）作为一种协助上溯性鱼类恢复其洄游通道的生态补偿措施，受到广泛关注。其过鱼效果与VSF的水力特性和鱼类的游泳运动能力密切相关。因而，良好的VSF设计应保证池室内的水力特性与过鱼对象的游泳运动能力相适宜。本文选取上溯性鱼类鳙鱼和草鱼为研究对象，将VSF池室内水力因子空间分布与鱼类运动轨迹相叠加，定量分析了鳙鱼和草鱼在上溯过程中的运动特性、水力偏好以及鱼类运动轨迹与特定水力因子的相关程度。试验结果表明：在流量为0.135 m3/s的VSF池室内，两种鱼喜好在紊动能为0.02~0.035 m2/s2、流速为0.16~0.4 m/s、紊动耗散率为0.02~0.04 m2/s3、应变率为2~3.5 s-1的范围内运动。鳙鱼和草鱼在不同水力区域内的上溯时间与紊动能、流速相关性较大；水流流速矢量体现鱼的趋流特性，决定了鱼的上溯方向，而对于局部空间内鱼的游泳运动行为，紊动能可能是影响更直接的水力因子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The vertical slot fishway (VSF), which can be viewed as an ecological compensation measure, plays a major role in enabling anadromous fish migration, which has received extensive attention. The fish-way passage efficiency is closely related to the VSF hydraulic characteristics and fish's swimming capabili-ty. Therefore, an excellent VSF design should be suitable between the hydraulic characteristics of VSF and the fish's swimming capability. Taking two anadromous fishes,Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Aristichthys no-bilis, as an example, this paper quantitatively analyzed the fishes' movement characteristics, the preferred hydraulic ranges and the relevance of hydraulic factors and fish trajectories by combined the spatial distribu-tion of hydraulic factors with fish trajectories in VSF. The results show that the preferred ranges of turbu-lent kinetic energy, velocity, turbulent dissipation rate and strain rate are 0.02-0.035 m2/s2, 0.16-0.4 m/s, 0.02-0.04 m2/s3 and 2-3.5 s-1, respectively with the flow of 0.135 m3/s in VSF. The times swimming up-stream of the two fishes in different water areas are greatly associated with turbulent kinetic energy and ve-locity. In our study, the flow velocity, as a vector reflecting the rheotaxis of fish, determines the move-ment of fish,but their swimming behavior in local water area is mainly determined by turbulent kinetic en-ergy. |
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