| 杨霞,邵东国,徐保利.东北寒区黑土稻田土壤水分剖面二维运动规律研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(8):1017-1026 |
| 东北寒区黑土稻田土壤水分剖面二维运动规律研究 |
| Indoor experiment and simulation of soil water two-dimensional movement of the paddy fields in the northeast frigid of China |
| 投稿时间：2018-03-27 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20180266 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土稻田 侧渗 地下水补给 水量平衡 单宽侧渗量 HYDRUS-2D |
| 英文关键词: paddy fields of black soil seepage recharge of groundwater water balance water seepage of per unit width HYDRUS-2D |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划课题（2016YFC0400101）；国家自然科学基金项目（51439006） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示东北寒区黑土稻田分层土壤水分二维运动规律，选择黑龙江省庆安灌溉试验站稻田土壤开展控制灌溉水层及地下水位条件下分层土壤与均质土壤室内入渗试验。设计装置分层收集侧渗水量，定量识别分层土壤垂直渗漏与侧向渗漏，并基于HYDRUS-2D软件建立水分二维运动模型。结果表明土壤水力特性参数反演效果较好，模型模拟值与实测值吻合；土壤的分层结构抑制了水分入渗，降低了水平侧渗速率及垂直渗漏速率，分层土柱犁底层基本无侧渗输出，耕作层与底土层稳定后的侧渗速率分别为0.007和0.023 cm/h。进行水量平衡分析，分层土柱入渗稳定后侧向渗漏占总渗漏的72.45%，主要通过底土层输出（63.42%）；引入“单宽侧渗量”表示不同控制条件下土壤的侧渗输出，灌溉水层的增加显著增大了耕作层与底土层土壤的单宽侧渗量，控制灌溉水层有利于减少侧渗，提高用水效率；犁底层厚度增加主要贡献底土层的单宽侧渗量，反之，地下水位埋深增大则降低了底土层的单宽侧渗量，因此维持稻田适宜的犁底层厚度及地下水位埋深有利于减少深层渗漏损失。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the water movement in the layered soil of paddy fields in the northeast frigid of China, indoor infiltration experiments of layered soil and homogeneous soil were conducted respectively by controlling water irrigation table and underground water level, and the soil used in experiments were coming from Qin'an experimental irrigation station in Heilongjiang province. The infiltration devices were improved to collect water by layers in order to recognize water seepage and percolation quantitatively. A two-dimensional model was also developed based on HYDRUS-2D by using inverse solution submodel to inverse the hydraulic parameters through inputting observed values of soil water content. The results indicated that the simulated results agreed well with the observed values. The cumulative infiltration rate, seepage rate and percolation rate of the layered soil columns were all less than the homogeneous ones,at the meantime, the different layers in the layered soil columns also had different rates, and there were no observation of seepage in the middle layer,and the steady seepage rate in the cultivated horizon layer and the illuvial horizon layer were 0.007 and 0.023cm/h respectively. Analysis of water balance in the layered soil column indicted that the vertical percolation accounted for 27.55% of the cumulative infiltration, the rest outflow was contributed by seepage which mainly occur in the soil below 35cm. By analyzing the influential factors to seepage,the increase of irrigation water table promotes the seepage of per unit width in the cultivated horizon layer and the illuvial horizon layer observably, which indicats that controlling irrigation water table is good for decreasing water seepage and improve water use efficiency. And the increase of the plow pan layer depth mainly contributes seepage of per unit width in the illuvial horizon layer. On the contrary, water seepage of per unit width is decreased in the illuvial horizon layer because of the increase of groundwater level. Therefore, the reasonable thickness of the plow pan layer and groundwater level can make for reducing deep percolation loss. |
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