| 王庆凯,方贺,李志军,祖永恒,李国玉.湖冰侧、底部融化现场观测与热力学分析[J].水利学报,2018,49(10):1207-1215 |
| 湖冰侧、底部融化现场观测与热力学分析 |
| Field investigations on lateral and bottom melting of lake ice and thermodynamic analysis |
| 投稿时间：2018-02-10 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20180147 |
| 中文关键词: 湖冰 融化 水温 太阳辐射 冰底热通量 原位观测 |
| 英文关键词: lake ice melting water temperature solar radiation ice-bottom heat flux field investigation |
| 基金项目:全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目（2015CB953901）；国家自然科学基金项目（51639003，51579028）；冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目（SKLFSE201604） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为深入了解湖冰在弱水动力条件下消融的热力学过程，在融冰期对乌梁素海湖开敞水域处冰层开展侧、底部消融的原位测量，并观测了太阳辐射、气/冰/水/泥温和风等气象及水文要素。观测结果表明冰层侧壁随深度增加逐渐向内侧倾斜融化，冰层厚度逐渐减薄；开敞水域处水温和冰温均呈分层变化，上层水温和冰温日变化幅度较大。通过分析冰层侧、底部融化速率与气象及水文要素之间的变化关系，建立了用净太阳辐照度和水温来表达融化速率的参数化模型。冰底热通量是一项重要的热力学参数，基于冰底薄层的能量平衡，利用观测数据确定了开敞水域处冰层的平均冰底热通量，为11.47～135.61W·m-2，表明冰下水体不断向冰层传递热量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The melting of lake ice under weak hydrodynamic conditions is a complicated thermodynamic process. In the melting period, field observation of the melting of lateral and bottom sides of ice cover near the open water in the Ulansuhai Lake was conducted,and the meteorology and hydrology factors were measured. The results showed that the ice lateral surface melt and leaned to inside with increased depth, and the ice thickness decreased. The temperatures of water and ice varied in layers,and those in the top layer had large daily changes. A parameterization model was established to estimate the melting rate with net solar irradiance and water temperature. The ice-bottom heat flux is an important thermodynamic parameter. Based on the energy balance,the ice-bottom heat flux near the open water can be determined,which was 11.47~135.61 W·m-2 indicating that the water under ice was transferring heat to ice. |
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