| 孙志禹,陈永柏,李翀,郭劲松,李哲.中国水库温室气体研究（2009—2019）：回顾与展望[J].水利学报,2020,51(3):253-267 |
| 中国水库温室气体研究（2009—2019）：回顾与展望 |
| Research of reservoir greenhouse gas emissions in China (2009-2019): Review and outlook |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-08 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20190478 |
| 中文关键词: 水库 温室气体源汇 碳循环 碳足迹 水力发电 |
| 英文关键词: reservoirs greenhouse gas emissions and removals biogeochemical cycling of carbon carbon footprint hydroelectric production |
| 基金项目:中国长江三峡集团公司重点科研项目（0799562）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（51679226） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 筑坝蓄水将显著改变陆地水系统碳循环，衍生的水库CO2、CH4等温室气体源汇变化问题近年来备受国际关注。近30年来，该领域研究已从早期的质疑、争议逐渐拓展深化，并在一定范围内取得学术共识。2009年，Nature引用中国学者的研究成果表达了对三峡水库温室气体源汇变化的担忧。该事件成为具有标志意义的重要起点，开启了此后10年中国在该领域研究的重要发展期。以三峡水库为代表的中国大中型水库多具有典型的河道型特征，淹没面积少，能量密度普遍较高，但相关研究成果仍十分有限。本文报道了近10年来三峡水库CO2、CH4源汇变化监测评估结果。以2010年为参考年，在不考虑防洪、航运等其他效益的情形下，扣减蓄水前水库淹没区与自然河道的CO2、CH4释放通量后，三峡水库2010年因发电产生的碳排放量约为13.2 g（CO2eq）·（kW·h）-1，低碳属性明显。2019年，在中国学者参与努力下，政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）通过并正式颁布了水淹地国家温室气体清单精细化修编。这对客观、公正地衡量水库温室气体源汇变化具有重要的学术意义。未来该领域将更聚焦河流-水库系统碳氮生态水文过程与地球化学机制，也将在更宏观的视角下考察水电能源全生命周期碳足迹。建议我国进一步强化该领域基础研究，推进水电碳足迹评价的标准化，引导水电行业重视碳资产管理，探索减源增汇方法与途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Dam construction and reservoir creation will significantly change inland water carbon cycling, causing potential excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which has been attracted much attention during the past decades.In the past 3 decades, research of reservoir GHG emissions has gradually deepened from early doubts and disputes and achieved academic consensus within a certain scope.In 2009, Nature commented the research results of Chinese scholars to express concerns about the GHG effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). This has become an important starting point, opening up an important development period for China's research in this field in the past 10 years. China's large and medium-sized reservoirs, the TGR as a representative, are typically river-valley dammed. Their power densities are generally high primarily due to relatively less flooded area. Nevertheless, current research is still limited. The paper synthesized the research of GHG emissions in the TGR over the past 10 years. Disregard other existed benefits such as flood control and navigation, the net carbon emissions generated by the reservoir were about 13.2 gCO2eq/kW·h. With the active participation of Chinese scholars, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) adopted and officially promulgated a refinement of the national GHG inventory of flooded land in 2019. The refinement provided objective methodologies to assess reservoir impoundments, which has important academic significance for supporting countries to prepare GHG in flooded lands. In the future, this field will focus on the eco-hydrological processes and mechanisms of the carbon cycling in the river-reservoir system. It will also probe the life cycle carbon footprint of hydropower from a broader perspective, and support carbon management and carbon trading in hydropower industry. The Chinese hydropower industry is encouraged to make continuous efforts on the basic research, to promote the evaluation of carbon footprint under standardized frameworks and methodology, to push carbon management and carbon trade forward, and to explore the possible approaches of carbon emission reduction. |
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