| 周晋军,王浩,刘家宏,王忠静,张永祥.城市耗水的“自然-社会”二元属性及季节性特征研究——以北京市为例[J].水利学报,2020,51(11):1325-1334 |
| 城市耗水的“自然-社会”二元属性及季节性特征研究——以北京市为例 |
| Nature-Social dual attribute and seasonal characteristics of urban water dissipation： A case study of Beijing |
| 投稿时间：2020-04-22 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20200263 |
| 中文关键词: 城市水文循环 二元水循环 城市耗水 建筑物内部耗水 自然侧 社会侧 蒸散发 |
| 英文关键词: Urban hydrologic cycle dualistic water cycle Urban Water Dissipation (UWD) building water dissipation natural side social side evapotranspiration |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401401）；中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M660380） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 城市水耗散过程具有明显的“自然-社会”二元属性，对于我国北方城市，耗水还具有明显的季节差异。为了准确计算城市耗水和水循环通量，需要定量化开展区分自然侧和社会侧耗水的研究，同时考虑季节性的差异。本文将城镇建设用地划分为绿地、水面、土壤、建筑物、硬化地面五类耗水类型，提出了城市“自然-社会”二元耗水的分析框架，构建了城市二元耗水计算模型。以北京市为例，计算2015年各区城镇建设用地春、夏、秋、冬四个季节的自然侧和社会侧耗水强度，得出城六区的耗水强度都超过700 mm，其中西城区的年耗水强度达1008 mm，其他城区的耗水强度分布在350~505 mm之间。城六区的社会侧耗水比例分布在45.33%~65.92%，其他城区的自然侧耗水占比分布在74.38%~87.33%。北京市城镇建设用地在春、夏、秋、冬季的耗水强度之比是1.76：5.68：3.78：1。研究表明：随着城市化水平不断提高，城镇建设用地的综合耗水强度增大，社会侧耗水占比也增大，人口密度和建筑密度是影响城市社会侧耗水强度的主要因素。城市耗水强度的季节性差异明显，夏秋季节是自然侧耗水占主体，冬春季节则是社会侧耗水占主体，城市化水平提高会降低城市耗水的季节性差异。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Urban Water Dissipation (UWD) has visible "natural-social" dualistic attributes, and the value of UWD also has noticeable seasonal differences variations in cities of northern China. In order to accurately calculate the UWD and water cycle flux in cities, it is necessary to carry out quantitative research to distinguish water dissipation from natural side and social side, and taking into account seasonal differences in northern cities in China. In this study,the urban construction land is divided into five types for the calculation of UWD, i.e. green land, water surface, soil, building, and hardened ground. An analysis framework of urban "natural social" dualistic UWD is put forward, and the calculation model of dualistic UWD is constructed. Taking 16 districts of Beijing as the research object, the natural and social water dissipation intensity of urban construction land in the four seasons (i.e. spring, summer, autumn and winter) in 2015 was calculated. The UWD intensity of the six core districts in Beijing all exceeds 700 mm, and the value of Xicheng district reaches 1008 mm, while the values of non-core urban districts vary among 350 mm~505 mm. The proportion of social side UWD in the six core districts in Beijing varies among 45.33%~65.92%,and the proportion of natural side UWD in other districts varies among 74.38%~87.33%. The ratio of UWD intensity of Beijing in spring,summer,autumn and winter is 1.76:5.68:3.78:1. To sum up,with the increasing urbanization level, both the value of total UWD intensity and the proportion of social side UWD are growing. The population density and building density are the main factors affecting the social side UWD in urban areas. The UWD intensity has obvious seasonal variabilities. In summer and autumn, the natural side dominates total UWD, while in winter and spring, the social side dominates total UWD. As the level of urbanization increases,the seasonal variabilities of UWD tend to decrease. |
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