| 舒安平,秦际平,孙涛,杨薇,王梦瑶,朱家品.渤海辽东湾典型人工鱼礁区域水沙动力特征与格局优化探讨[J].水利学报,2022,53(1):43-53,67 |
| 渤海辽东湾典型人工鱼礁区域水沙动力特征与格局优化探讨 |
| Discussion on water and sediment dynamic characteristics and layout optimization of typical artificial reefs in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea |
| 投稿时间：2021-03-14 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20210246 |
| 中文关键词: 人工鱼礁 流场效应 紊动与泥沙起悬 布设间距 熵值法 |
| 英文关键词: artificial reef flow field effect turbulence and sediment incipient-suspension disposal spacing entropy method |
| 基金项目:国家研发计划项目（2018YFC1406400）；国家基金委与广东联合重点基金项目（U1901212） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 人工鱼礁是改善海洋生态环境、提高渔业产量的有效措施之一，不同规模的人工鱼礁会产生不同的流场效应。本文以渤海辽东湾觉华岛人工鱼礁区拟投放的方形人工鱼礁区域为研究对象，采用PIV粒子图像测速技术，实施了20组室内水槽实验，模拟了不同流速条件下不同布设间距对单位礁流场的影响及紊动效应。结果表明：随着流速增加，同一间距下上升流和背涡流的高度、长度、面积等特征值均呈增加的趋势；背涡流特征值整体上呈现出随间距的增加先增大后减小的趋势，投放人工鱼礁后紊动强度较投放前要大，有利于泥沙及鱼饵等营养物质颗粒的起悬和生物资源的增产。在此基础上采用熵值法基于水动力学特性和经济成本对4种间距下的流场效应进行了评价，在考虑水动力指标情况下，流场效应综合得分从大到小表现为1.25L>1.00L>0.75L>1.50L；纳入成本指标后，综合得分表现为1.25L>1.00L>1.50L>0.75L，而且，在1.25L与1.00L之间差距很小，经精细化模拟在1.15L处达到相对极大值。因此，在实际投放方形鱼礁群时在原设计间距的基础上扩大15%为最优方案，可供人工鱼礁建设提供了参考依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Artificial reef is an effective measure to improve the marine ecological environment and increase fishery production. Different scale artificial reefs will produce different flow field effects. In this paper, 20 flume experiments were carried out to simulate the effect of the disposal spacing on the flow field of square ecological reef unit reef in Juehua Island, Liaodong Bay, using PIV technology. The results show that with the increase of velocity, the height, length, area and other eigenvalues of upwelling and back vortex show an increasing trend, while the turbulence intensity shows a decreasing trend. At the same velocity, the eigenvalues of upwelling and turbulence intensity do not change with the spacing, but the eigenvalues of back vortex first increases and then decreases with the spacing increasing. On the other hand, the entropy method is used to evaluate the flow field effect under the four spacings based on the hydrodynamic characteristics and economic cost index. When only considering the hydrodynamic index, the comprehensive score of flow field effect from large to small is 1.25L > 1.00L > 0.75L > 1.50L, and the gap between 1.25L and 1.00L is very small; after the cost index is included, the comprehensive score is 1.25L > 1.00L > 1.50L > 0.75L. Moreover, the score diffrence between 1.25L and 1.00L is very small, and it reaches a relative maximum at 1.15L through meticulous simulation. According to the experimental results, from the perspective of theory and practice, considering the ecological benefits and economic costs, it is suggested that the original design spacing should be increased by 15% when the square unit reef is put into practice, which provides a reference for the construction of artificial reef. |
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