| 刘家宏,梅超,邵薇薇,王佳,丁相毅,于赢东.城市排水防涝基础设施应对能力的三个阈值[J].水利学报,2022,53(7):789-797 |
| 城市排水防涝基础设施应对能力的三个阈值 |
| Three thresholds for the bearing capacity of urban drainage and flood control infrastructures |
| 投稿时间：2022-03-28 修订日期：2022-07-11 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20220219 |
| 中文关键词: 城市洪涝 排水防涝基础设施 郑州"7·20"暴雨 阈值分析 防控策略 |
| 英文关键词: urban flood|drainage and flood control infrastructure|Zhengzhou "July 20" rainstorm|threshold analysis|prevention and control strategy |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51739011,52192671);国家重点实验室基金项目(SKL2022TS11) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 城市排水管网、沟渠、河湖水系是承纳、转输、调蓄暴雨径流的重要基础设施,在应对城市暴雨内涝中发挥着至关重要的作用。城市排水防涝基础设施受设计标准、运行维护水平、城市下垫面环境变化等多重因素的影响,其自身应对暴雨的能力差异较大。科学量化城市排水防涝设施的应对能力对城市洪涝预报、预警和应急调度十分必要。本文提出了城市排水防涝基础设施应对能力的三个阈值,即:雨水管渠排水能力阈值、内涝防治系统应对能力阈值和应急设施防御上限阈值。这三个阈值通俗讲就是"不积水"阈值、"不内涝"阈值和"不失防"阈值。基于郑州2021年"7·20"特大暴雨灾害的调研结果,对三个阈值的表征指标和确定方法进行了初步探讨。结合文献调研,对北京、东京、深圳等城市对应阈值进行了分析量化,对暴雨量级超过不同阈值标准后的防控策略进行了探讨,提出了城市排水防涝阈值协同提升途径,可为城市极端暴雨的防控提供决策参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Urban drainage networks,open channels,rivers and lakes are the essential infrastructures to transfer and store the rainstorm runoff,which plays a vital role in dealing with urban rainstorm flooding.The bearing capacity of urban drainage and flood control infrastructures is influenced by multiple factors such as design standards,operation and maintenance level,as well as urban environmental changes.The ability to cope with rainstorm varies greatly for different cities.It is necessary to scientifically quantify the bearing capacity of urban drainage and flood control facilities,which could help urban flood forecast,early warning and emergency regulation.This paper proposed three thresholds to evaluate the bearing capacity of urban drainage and flood control infrastructures,namely,the capacity threshold of minor drainage system,the capacity threshold of major drainage system,and the ceiling threshold of emergency facility defense.These three thresholds are generally speaking,the"no overflow "threshold (NOT),the" no flooding "threshold (NWT) and the" no damage"threshold (NDT).Based on the investigation of the"July 20"heavy rainstorm disaster in Zhengzhou,the quantifying index and determination methods of the three thresholds were preliminarily discussed.The corresponding thresholds of Beijing,Tokyo,Shenzhen and other cities were analyzed and quantified by comprehensive literature research and flood events deduction.The prevention and control strategies were discussed under the magnitude of rainstorm that exceeds NOT,NWT,NDT standards,and the collaborative approaches of urban drainage and flood prevention thresholds is proposed.The results can provide decision-making support for prevention and control of flood disasters under extreme rainstorm in urban areas. |
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