| 王军,李建昆,苗平.黄河凌汛和伏汛引水对库布其沙漠北缘生态格局及其耗水变化影响研究[J].水利学报,2023,54(5):541-553 |
| 黄河凌汛和伏汛引水对库布其沙漠北缘生态格局及其耗水变化影响研究 |
| Effects of ice flood and summer flood diversion from the Yellow River on ecological pattern and water consumption in the northern margin of Hobq Desert |
| 投稿时间：2022-11-22 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20220956 |
| 中文关键词: 蒸散发 生态格局 气象因子 库布其沙漠 凌汛和伏汛水 |
| 英文关键词: evapotranspiration ecological pattern meteorological factor Hobq Desert ice flood and summer flood |
| 基金项目:中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(MK2020J03，MK0145B022021)；内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020MS05057)；国家自然科学基金项目(41901052)；科技基础资源调查专项项目(2022FY101600)；内蒙古自治区水利科技项目(NSK202104) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为减轻黄河几字弯防凌防汛压力，内蒙古将凌汛和伏汛现水引入了库布其沙漠北缘，使下垫面生态格局发生变化的同时，区域水文循环过程也受到影响，尤其是下垫面耗水过程。为深入明晰库布其沙漠北缘生态格局及其耗水变化的驱动内因，本文利用遥感影像分析了引水前后生态格局演变特征，基于遥感蒸散发理论详细阐明区域耗水时空变化机制，并评价变化背景下气象因子(气温、降水、湿度与风速)与区域耗水的相关程度。结果表明：①黄河凌汛和伏汛水显著影响了库布其沙漠北缘生态格局，引水后沙地面积占比由72.5%缩至15.8%，湖泊、湿地占比从零增至27.5%、4.5%；②基于METRIC模型与Dalton蒸发理论计算陆面蒸散发和水面蒸发的相对误差分别为9.2%、9.3%，区域耗水结果具有较高可信度，引水前(2013年)、引水初(2016年)、引水后(2020年)作物生长季(4—10月)蒸散发为156.22、231.12和528.58 mm，凌汛和伏汛引水对区域耗水影响持续增强；③黄河凌汛和伏汛引水改变了蒸散发与气象因子(气温、降水、风速、湿度)相关关系，蒸散发与气温、湿度的正相关性持续增大，呈正相关关系的区域占比由引水前73%、28%分别增至95%、76%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to relieve the pressure of ice flood cand summer flood ontrol in Jiziwan of the Yellow River，the ice floods and summer flood were diverted into the northern margin of Hobq Desert.The ecological pattern of the underlying surface changed，and the regional hydrological cycle was also affected，especially the water consumption process of the underlying surface.In order to deeply clarify the ecological pattern and the driving factors of water consumption change in the northern margin of Hobq Desert，this paper analyzed the evolution characteristics of ecological pattern before and after water transfer using GF images.The spatio-temporal variation mechanism of regional water consumption was elaborated by using remote sensing evapotranspiration coupling theory，and the correlation degree between meteorological factors (temperature，rainfall，humidity and wind speed) and regional water consumption was further evaluated under this background.The results show that：(1) the ice flood and summer flood of the Yellow River significantly affected the ecological pattern of the northern margin of Hobq Desert.After water transfer，the proportion of sandy land area decreased from 72.5% to 15.8%，and the proportion of lake and wetland area increased from zero to 27.5% and 4.5%，respectively.(2) The errors of land surface evapotranspiration and water surface evaporation calculated based on the METRIC model and Dalton evaporation theory are 9.2% and 9.3%，respectively.The results of regional water consumption have high reliability.Before water transfer (2013)，at the beginning of water transfer (2016) and after water transfer (2020)，the average evapotranspiration in crop growing season (April-October) was 156.22 mm，231.12 mm and 528.58 mm，respectively，and the influence of water transfer on regional water consumption continued to increase during transit season.(3) The ice flood and summer flood of the Yellow River changed the correlation between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors (temperature，rainfall，wind speed，humidity).The positive correlation between evapotranspiration and temperature and humidity continued to increase，and the proportion of positive correlation areas increased from 73% and 28% before water transfer to 95% and 76%，respectively. |
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