文章摘要
潘佳佳,郭新蕾,王涛,付辉,陈玉壮,李明新.基于全气象参数的南水北调中线冬季水气热交换模型[J].水利学报,2024,55(2):179-189,201
基于全气象参数的南水北调中线冬季水气热交换模型
A detailed energy budget model for the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China
投稿时间：2023-05-18  
DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20230287
中文关键词: 热交换  全气象要素  南水北调中线  冬季输水  数学模型
英文关键词: energy budget  detailed meteorological parameters  South-to-North Water Diversion  wintertime  numerical model
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3202500）；国家自然科学基金项目（U2243221，U2243239，52009144，51979291）；中国水科院科研专项（HY0145B032021，HY110145B001021）
作者单位E-mail
潘佳佳 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038  
郭新蕾 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038 guoxinlei@iwhr.com 
王涛 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038  
付辉 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038  
陈玉壮 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 中国水利水电科学研究院, 北京 100038  
李明新 中国南水北调集团中线有限公司, 北京 100038  
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中文摘要:
      针对南水北调中线干渠水体表面热交换精细模拟技术欠缺和多气象因素相互作用机理不明等关键问题，考虑太阳高度角、日照时间、云层遮挡和反照率等因素对太阳辐射的影响，并综合分析水体吸收、反射和发射的净长波辐射、涵盖水体蒸散发失热、水面温差引起的热传导和降雪引起的失热，建立了基于全气象参数的大型明渠水气热交换数学模型。结合南水北调中线全线通水后5年的冬季水温、气温、相对湿度、气压、风速、太阳辐射等原型观测资料，重点分析和模拟了典型年北拒马河、漕河渡槽和滹沱河倒虹吸等渠池的净热通量量值及其组分占比。结果表明，模型能够精细模拟不同渠池水体逐小时吸收的太阳辐射、释放的长波辐射、蒸发失热和水气热传导。模拟结果和观测资料均显示中线干渠冬季以失热为主，其中太阳辐射对净热通量的贡献最大，其次分别为长波辐射、蒸散发失热、温差引起的热传导，占比分别为43.1%、30.9%、17.2%和8.8%。本文量化了中线干渠冬季热通量组成，为进一步研究中线水温冰情精细模拟和输水能力提升提供了基础。
英文摘要:
      The wintertime heat exchange is crucial for the safety management of the Central Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (CRSNWD).Given the complexity of interactions in heat exchange processes of watercourses and limited water energy budget models, this paper proposes a detailed energy budget model for CRSNWD based on various meteorological parameters.The model takes into account factors such as solar radiation, cloud cover, water albedo, long wave radiation, evaporative heat transfer, conductive heat transfer at the water surface, and heat loss due to precipitation in the canal.The long wave radiation is the net balance of absorbed atmospheric long wave radiation and emitted ones by the water surface.Utilizing five winters' gauging data of water temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and solar radiation collected after the completion of CRSNWD, the model has been applied to analyze the total heat flux and its four components at Beijumahe, Caohe duct, and Hutuohe siphon.The simulations and observed results indicate that during winter, the water in channels loses heat due to lower air temperature compared to the water.Furthermore, the solar radiation plays the most significant role in the net heat flux, followed by long wave radiation, evaporative heat transfer, and conductive heat transfer.Their contributions to the total energy budget are 43.1%, 30.9%, 17.2%, 8.8%, respectively.The proposed model quantifies the heat exchange processes during winter water transfer in CRSNWD, serving as a useful tool for high-resolution simulations of water temperature, ice processes, and future improvements to water diversion.
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