文章摘要
伍冰晨,陈晓安,汤崇军,胡译水,蔡袁海,徐晓晗.红壤坡地果园产流产沙及氮磷流失对坡面水土保持措施的响应[J].水利学报,2024,55(7):802-814
红壤坡地果园产流产沙及氮磷流失对坡面水土保持措施的响应
Response of runoff and sediment yield and nitrogen and phosphorus loss to soil and water conservation measures in orchards of red soil slope
投稿时间：2023-07-14  
DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20230428
中文关键词: 降雨  产流产沙  水土保持  氮磷流失  果园
英文关键词: precipitation  runoff and sediment yield  soil and water conservation  nitrogen and phosphorus loss  orchard
基金项目:江西省水利厅科技项目(202224ZDKT12，202124ZDKT24，2022KSG01010，202324YBK709);江西省科技厅计划项目(20212AEI91011)
作者单位E-mail
伍冰晨 江西省水利科学院, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心单位, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330029 		 
陈晓安 江西省水利科学院, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心单位, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330029 		onlycxa@163.com 
汤崇军 江西省水利科学院, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省鄱阳湖流域生态水利技术创新中心单位, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330029 		 
胡译水 中国市政工程西南设计研究总院有限公司, 四川 成都 610081  
蔡袁海 江西省水利科学院, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330029 		 
徐晓晗 江西省水利科学院, 江西 南昌 330029
江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 江西 南昌 330029 		 
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中文摘要:
      坡地果园随降雨-径流-侵蚀-养分输出过程所带来的土地生产力衰退及水体污染是制约红壤丘陵区经济发展和生态安全的关键问题之一。为明确降雨条件和水土保持措施对产流产沙和氮磷流失特征的定量影响，本研究以江西水土保持生态科技园2020—2022年的坡地果园径流小区次降雨-径流观测数据为基础，分析不同水土保持措施下降雨量、降雨强度对含沙量、径流系数的定量影响，进而分析产流产沙与氮磷流失的定量关系。研究结果表明：(1)不同水土保持措施下，含沙量、径流系数随降雨量、雨强的变化趋势存在差异，带状植草(S1)、全园植草(S2)、水平梯田(S3)、水平梯田+梯壁植草(S4)相比清耕对照(CK)的平均含沙量分别降低17.8%、42.3%、22.6%、47.9%，平均径流系数分别降低60%、71.8%、26.4%、56.4%，植被措施相比工程措施能更好地调节径流，工程措施相比植被措施能更好地拦截泥沙;(2)在S1、S2、S3、S4、CK条件下，可溶性总氮/总氮(STN/TN)分别为48.2%、45.6%、44.2%、45.9%、45.7%，可溶性总磷/总磷(STP/TP)分别为52.9%、50.0%、47.2%、45.2%、47.4%，表明不同措施相比对照条件，氮磷的流失形态并未出现显著的变化;(3) S1、S2、S3、S4相比CK，TN的平均浓度变化分别为-8.2%、-13.4%、15.0%、-12.1%，STN的平均浓度变化分别为-3.2%、-13.6%、11.4%、-11.7%，TP的平均浓度变化分别为-10.5%、-21.0%、39.5%、10.5%，STP的平均浓度变化分别为0、-16.7%、38.9%、5.5%，相比工程措施，植被措施对于氮磷流失浓度的控制能起到更为关键的作用。研究成果对于红壤丘陵区果园坡地水土保持措施合理布设具有重要意义。
英文摘要:
      The decline of land productivity and water pollution caused by the process of rainfall，runoff，erosion and nutrient output in orchard slope is one of the key problems restricting the economic development and ecological security in hilly areas of red soil.To clarify the quantitative effects of rainfall conditions and soil and water conservation measures on the characteristics of sediment yield and nitrogen and phosphorus loss，this study analyzed the quantitative effects of precipitation and rainfall intensity of different soil and water conservation measures on sediment content and runoff coefficient，and then analyzed the quantitative relationship between sediment yield and nitrogen and phosphorus loss concentration based on the observation data of orchards runoff plots from 2020 to 2022 in De’an County，Jiangxi Province.The results show that：(1) under different soil and water conservation measures，there are differences in the variation trends of sediment content and runoff coefficient with precipitation and rainfall intensity.Compared with clearing cultivation control(CK)，the average sediment content of belt planting(S1)，whole planting(S2)，horizontal terrace(S3) and horizontal terrace with ladder wall planting(S4) decreased by 17.8%，42.3%，22.6% and 47.9%，respectively，and the average runoff coefficient decreased by 60%，71.8%，26.4% and 56.4%，respectively.Compared with engineering measures，vegetation measures could control runoff better，while engineering measures could intercept sediment better.(2) Under the conditions of S1，S2，S3，S4 and CK，STN/TN were 48.2%，45.6%，44.2%，45.9 and 45.7%，and STP/TP were 52.9%，50.0%，47.2%，45.2% and 47.4%，respectively，indicating that compared with the control conditions of different measures，the loss patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus did not change significantly.3) Compared with CK，the average concentration changes of total nitrogen(TN) in S1，S2，S3 and S4 were -8.2%，-13.4%，15.0% and -12.1%，and the average concentration changes of soluble total nitrogen(STN) were -3.2%，-13.6%，11.4% and -11.7%，respectively.The average concentration of total phosphorus(TP) changed by -10.5%，-21.0%，39.5%，10.5%，and the average concentration of soluble total phosphorus(STP) changed by 0，-16.7%，38.9%，5.5%，respectively.Compared with engineering measures，vegetation measures played a more critical role in controlling nitrogen and phosphorus loss concentration.This study is of great significance for the rational arrangement of soil and water conservation measures on the slope of orchards in hilly areas of red soil.
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