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| 自适应水位变幅的鱼道出口优化及通过性分析 |
| Optimizing design and passage research of vertical fishway to match the fluctuation of water level of the reservoir |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-14 修订日期：2025-02-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 竖缝式鱼道 单出口 水位变幅 溢流段 水力特性 |
| 英文关键词: Vertical slot fishway single exit section the fluctuation of water level overflow section hydraulics |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在过去的30年里,竖缝式鱼道是国内外最流行的鱼道设计型式之一。鱼道出口段水深设计是影响整个鱼道运行过程中鱼类洄游的主要因素之一。为了适应鱼道上游水位的频繁变动,提出了一种新的竖缝式鱼道出口段设计方法,鱼道出口段由深水段、溢流段和浅水段三部分组成。通过开展物理模型试验与数值模拟计算对鱼道出口段水力特性进行详细研究。研究结果表明,无论鱼道出口处的水位如何,浅水段的水深和速度分布都是均匀的；但由于溢流段的设置,深水段的水力特性沿程分布不均匀,受壅水影响导致溢流段上游池室竖缝断面流速降低；溢流段溢流流量基本满足薄壁侧堰泄流关系式,且与鱼道上下游流量差相等。综合分析可见,鱼道出口段水力特性满足洄游鱼类上溯需求,表明竖缝式鱼道单出口设计方案是可行的,尤其适用于日调节水库。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Vertical slot fishways (VSFs) have been constructed worldwide over the past 30 years. The water depth at the exit section is one of the main factors affecting fish migration during VSF operation. To match the fluctuation of the water depth at the VSF exit section, an optimal VSF design method was proposed here. Three sections, namely, the deep-water, overflow, and shallow-water, comprised the optimized fishway. Through physical model test and numerical simulation calculation, the hydraulic characteristics of the outlet section of the fishway are studied in detail. The water depth and velocity profiles at the shallow section were uniform regardless of the water level at the VSF exit. Nevertheless, the hydrodynamic profiles at the deep-water section were non-uniform owing to the backwater profile, which decreases the velocity in the slot. Excess water outflow at the overflow section balanced the discharge between the VSF exit and entrance, which basically satisfy the discharge relation of sharp-crested side weir. Although non-uniform conditions were present in the deep-water section, hydrodynamic profiles were suitable for migrating fish to pass through. This indicates that the optimized VSF is fish friendly. The optimal VSF design method has major implications in real-life scenarios in which uniform operation conditions are rarely achieved, particularly for daily regulation reservoirs. |
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