| 张威贤,王少丽,焦平金,许迪,郑思宇.渍后控制排水对土壤水分和大豆生长的短期与长期影响[J].水利学报,2025,56(4):455-465 |
| 渍后控制排水对土壤水分和大豆生长的短期与长期影响 |
| Short-term and long-term effects of drainage control after waterlogging on soil water movement and soybean growth |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-17 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20240294 |
| 中文关键词: 控制排水 渍后 土壤水分 生育期 产量 |
| 英文关键词: drainage control after waterlogging soil moisture growth stage yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52179054) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张威贤 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038
国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 北京 100048 | | | 王少丽 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038
国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 北京 100048 | | | 焦平金 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038
国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 北京 100048 | jiaopj@iwhr.com | | 许迪 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038
国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 北京 100048 | | | 郑思宇 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室, 北京 100038
国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心, 北京 100048 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农田涝渍会影响土壤水分运动和作物正常生长，采用大豆受渍测坑试验，探讨渍后排水控制深度对土壤水分和作物生长的渍后、渍中、渍前短期影响及生育期的长期影响。结果表明：减少排水控制深度将减小地下水埋深、地下排水量、排水历时和增大土壤含水率，渍后和分枝期分别是受影响最明显的短期和长期阶段。渍后株高、叶面积指数(LAI)、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)均较对照先降低后逐渐恢复，SPAD、Pn、Gs的最大相对恢复值及其恢复增量均在50 cm排水控制深度时最大，SPAD恢复历时最短;开花结荚期株高、LAI、Pn和Gs受渍补偿最大且50 cm控制深度的Pn和Gs补偿最明显。受渍减少了地上部干物质积累量，叶、果、荚的减幅依次递增，单株实荚数降低为减产主因，50 cm排水控制深度的地上部减少量、减产幅度及产量构成降幅均最小。50 cm控制深度可作为淮北平原砂质壤土区适宜大豆生长的排水出口控制深度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Short-term and long-term effects of waterlogging affect soil water movement and crop growth in farmland.A set of soybean waterlogging experiments were conducted to evaluate the short-term effects of controlling drainage depth on soil moisture and crop growth and physiology before，during and after waterlogging，as well as the long-term effects during the growing stages.The results illustrate that reducing the control depth of drainage decreases groundwater depth，drainage amount，and duration while increasing soil moisture content.The most significant variation occurs after waterlogging and during the branching stage.After waterlogging，the plant height，leaf area index (LAI)，leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD)，net photosynthetic rate (Pn)，stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate decrease first and then gradually recover compared with the control.The maximum relative value of SPAD，Pn and Gs after recovery and the increment of recovery period are the largest at the controlled depth of 50 cm，and the recovery duration of SPAD is the shortest.At flowering-podding stage，the compensation of plant height，LAI，Pn and Gs are the largest，and both Pn and Gs compensation are the most obvious at the controlled depth of 50 cm.The above-ground dry matter accumulation is reduced by waterlogging，and the reduction follow the order of leaf < fruit< pod，and the yield reduction is mainly due to the decrease of pod number per plant.The reduction of the above-ground dry matter，yield and yield composition are the smallest at the controlled depth of 50 cm.Controlled drainage depth of 50 cm，will provide suitable soil water environment for soybean growth in the sandy loam area of Huaibei Plain. |
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