| 马子普,张宝森,邓宇,李春江.适用于明渠流及冰盖流的统一泥沙颗粒起动流速公式[J].水利学报,2021,52(8):969-978 |
| 适用于明渠流及冰盖流的统一泥沙颗粒起动流速公式 |
| Unified incipient velocity formula of non-cohesive sediments for open channel flow and ice-cover flow |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-18 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20200960 |
| 中文关键词: 非黏性泥沙颗粒 明渠流 冰盖流 起动流速 冰塞 |
| 英文关键词: non-cohesive sediment particles open channel flow ice-covered flow incipient velocity ice jam |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1508402-2）；国家自然科学基金项目（51879116，51979024）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（HKY-JBYW-2019-11） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为得到冰盖流条件下的非黏性泥沙起动公式，揭示冰期河道断面强烈冲淤变化的机理，基于Einstein假定，推导得到了同时适用于明渠流及冰盖流的统一的非黏性泥沙颗粒起动流速公式，所得公式与已有冰下泥沙起动流速试验数据符合良好。当冰盖糙率为0时，冰盖流泥沙颗粒起动流速公式即化为明渠流泥沙颗粒起动流速公式。应用所得公式，比较了明渠流、冰盖流、冰塞条件下的起动流速及可起动最大泥沙粒径关系，冰塞条件下起动流速最小，可起动最大泥沙粒径最大。2014年冰期黄河头道拐断面发生强烈冲淤变化，是冰花集聚形成冰塞引起可起动最大泥沙粒径增大所致。所得公式及所揭示机理，将为进一步深入研究河道冰期泥沙输移规律提供重要思路和参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To obtain the formula for incipient velocity of non-cohesive sediment particles under the condition of ice-covered flow and reveal the mechanism of the strong erosion and deposition changes of river section during ice period,a unified formula for incipient velocity was derived based on Einstein's assumption, which was suitable for both open channel flow and ice-covered flow. The formula was in good agreement with the experimental data. When the roughness of ice-cover was 0, the formula of incipient velocity of ice-covered flow was reduced to that of open channel flow. The relationships between the incipient velocity and the maximum incipient particle size under the conditions of open channel flow,ice-cover flow and ice jam were compared by using the formula obtained. The results showed that the incipient velocity was the smallest and the maximum incipient particle size was the largest under the condition of ice jam. The causes of the strong erosion and deposition changes in Toudaoguai cross-section of the Yellow River in 2014 was that the ice jam formed due to the accumulation of ice flowers, which led to the increase of maximum incipient particle size. The formula obtained and the mechanism revealed will provide an important idea and reference for further study on the law of river sediment transport in ice period. |
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