| 孔昭年,田忠禄,陈卓,陈艳,周同旭,牟全宝.具有长引水系统的转桨式水轮机过渡过程计算[J].水利学报,2021,52(10):1204-1216 |
| 具有长引水系统的转桨式水轮机过渡过程计算 |
| Calculation of transient process of Kaplan turbine with long diversion system |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-22 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20210182 |
| 中文关键词: 水流惯性时间 转桨式水轮机 调节系统 过渡过程 调压阀 调压井 |
| 英文关键词: water inertia time Kaplan turbine governing system transient process pressure regulating valve surge shaft |
| 基金项目:国家能源局重大科技项目（替代调压井的新型调压阀及其控制系统研究与电站示范应用） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在水电站设计中，以新型调压阀及其控制系统替代传统调压井具有显著经济效益。基于自行研制的带调压阀的水轮机调速器实时仿真系统和包含水轮机、发电机、引水系统、水轮机调速器等环节在内的水轮机调节系统过渡过程计算软件，采用水轮机流量、力矩特性矩阵法表征水轮机动态特性，建立了刚性水击条件下一洞多机输水系统的数学模型；对带有主配压阀非线性特性的PID调速器，建立了带调压阀的转桨式水轮机调节系统数学模型。研究表明：通过计算只要保证水轮发电机组启动、空载扰动、带负荷、甩负荷自动调节工况下，水轮机调节系统过渡过程满足稳定运行要求，水电站就可以采用调压阀而不设调压井。最后，计算了某具有长引水系统的转浆式水轮机过渡过程，该电站水流惯性时间常数高达27 s，装有2台转桨水轮机、1台定桨式水轮机。计算结果表明，以调压阀代替调压井后，该水轮机调节系统稳定，满足调节保证要求。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the design of hydropower station, it has significant economic benefits to replace the traditional surge shaft with a new type of pressure regulating valve and its control system. In order to actively promote this new technology, based on the self-developed real-time simulation system of turbine governor with pressure regulating valve and the transient process calculation software of turbine governing system including turbine, generator, water diversion system and turbine governor, the flow and torque characteristic matrix method of turbine is used to characterize the dynamic characteristics of turbine. The mathematical model of multi machine water conveyance system in one tunnel under the condition of rigid water hammer is established, and the mathematical model of propeller-type hydro turbine governing system with pressure regulating valve is set up for PID governor with nonlinear characteristics of main distributing valve. Based on the accumulated experience in the calculation and analysis of a number of projects in which the surge tank is replaced by pressure regulating valve, the group standard of China Electric Power Federation, Technical Guide for Hydraulic Turbine Governing System with Pressure Regulating Valve (T/CEC419) is compiled. The research shows that through calculation, as long as the transient process of the turbine governing system meets the requirements of stable operation under the conditions of start-up, no-load disturbance, on load and load rejection of the turbine generator unit, the surge tank can be replaced with pressure regulating valve in the hydro-power station. According to the method suggested by (T/cec419),a calculation example of the transient process of a propeller-type hydro turbine with long diversion system is given. The flow inertia time constant (Tw) of the power station is up to 27 seconds, and it is equipped with two Kaplan turbines and one fixed blade propeller turbine. The calculation shows that after the surge shaft is replaced by the pressure regulating valve, the turbine governing system is stable and meets the regulation guarantee requirements. |
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