| 邓安军,陈建国,胡海华,张国帅.我国水库淤损情势分析[J].水利学报,2022,53(3):325-332 |
| 我国水库淤损情势分析 |
| Analysis of reservoir siltation in China |
| 投稿时间：2021-10-27 |
| DOI：10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20210962 |
| 中文关键词: 水库库容 水库分布 淤损率 年均淤损率 |
| 英文关键词: reservoir capacity reservoir distribution siltation rate average annual siltation rate |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金长江水科学基金项目(U2040217);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验团队重点项目(SKL2020ZY08);水利部水旱防御战略创新团队科研项目(WH0145B042021) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于全国第一次水利普查水库资料，分析了我国水库时空分布特征，我国现有10万m3以上的水库约9.8万座，总库容约9323亿m3，其中小型水库数量占全国的95.22%，大型水库库容占全国的80.43%，我国水库数量和库容在1950年以后快速增加。在掌握全国水库分布的基础上，收集了我国6702座水库淤积资料，其中约90%的水库淤积资料年份统计到2016—2018年，水库资料涵盖了七大流域和内陆所有省份。其中，大型水库131座，库容约2143亿m3；中型水库580座，库容约155亿m3；小型水库5991座，库容约44亿m3；分别占本次统计总库容的91.5%、6.6%和1.9%。根据收集的资料分析得到：我国水库平均淤损率为11.27%，各流域水库淤损率差别较大，其中黄河流域水库淤损率为36.76%，长江流域水库淤损率为4.25%，水库淤损率随水库运行时间增加整体呈上升趋势；我国水库年均淤损率为0.41%～0.49%，其中黄河流域水库年均淤损率最高，为1.39%，长江流域水库年均淤损率为0.25%，水库年均淤损率随水库运行时间增加而减小。在此基础上，采用模糊数学均值聚类方法对水库进行了分类，根据水库淤损率大于38%、14%~38%、小于14%将水库分为严重淤积、中度淤积和轻度淤积三类。根据年均淤损率大于1.5%、0.5%~1.5%、小于0.5%将水库分为淤积速率较快、淤积速率中等和淤积较慢三类。研究成果可为科学开展淤损水库功能恢复提供基础数据和技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the reservoir data of the first National Water Conservancy Survey，this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution of reservoirs in China. There are about 98，000 reservoirs with a total capacity of about 932.3 billion m3. The number of reservoirs is mainly small reservoirs， accounting for 95.22% of the total. In terms of reservoir capacity， it is dominated by large reservoirs， accounting for 80.43% of the total. Since 1950， the number and capacity of reservoirs have increased rapidly in China. On the basis of mastering the distribution of reservoirs in China，the siltation data of 6，702 reservoirs are collected. About 90% of the reservoir sedimentation data are counted from 2016 to 2018， and the rest of the reservoirs are in other years. The reservoir data covers seven river basins and all inland provinces，including 131 large reservoirs with a storage capacity of about 214.3 billion m3；580 medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of about 15.5 billion m3； and 5，991 small reservoirs with a storage capacity of about 4.4 billion m3，accounting for about 91.5%，6.6% and 1.9% of the total storage capacity of this statistics， respectively. According to the collected data， the average siltation rate of reservoirs is 11.27% in China. The siltation rate of reservoirs in each basin varies greatly， including 36.76% in the Yellow River Basin and 4.25% in the Yangtze River Basin. The siltation rate of the reservoir generally increases with the increase of the reservoir operation time. The longer the reservoir operation time，the higher the siltation rate of the reservoir. The average annual siltation rate of reservoirs is 0.41% - 0.49% in China，of which the average annual siltation rate of reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin is the highest （1.39%）， and the average annual siltation rate of reservoirs is 0.25% in the Yangtze River. The average annual siltation rate of reservoirs decreases with the increase of reservoir operation time. On this basis， the reservoir is classified by fuzzy mathematics method. According to the reservoir siltation rate of more than 38%，14% - 38% and less than 14% ， the reservoir is divided into three categories： severe siltation， moderate siltation and mild siltation. According to the average annual siltation rate of more than 1.5% ， 0.5% - 1.5% and less than 0.5%， the reservoirs are divided into three categories： rapid siltation rate， medium siltation rate and slow siltation. The research results can provide basic data and technical support for scientific function restoration of silted reservoirs. |
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