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Long-term optimal operation of hydro-solar hybrid energy systems nested
with short-term energy curtailment risk

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MING Bo 1，2 ，LI Yan ，LIU Pan ，WANG Yimin ，MA Chuanhui ，HUANG Qiang 1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China；
2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China）
Abstract：Traditional medium and long-term operation model of hydro-solar hybrid energy system does not
consider the short-term random fluctuating feature of the solar power and ignores the short-term energy cur⁃
tailment risk，so the operating rules formulated by such model are difficult to effectively coordinate the inte⁃
s
grated water resources management and the solar photovoltaic （PV） power’ integration into the power grid.
In this paper，a medium and long-term optimal operation model，nested with short-term energy curtailment
risk， is proposed for the hydro-solar hybrid energy system. Firstly， the possible situations were analyzed
when the PV energy would be curtailed during the joint operation process of hydropower and PV power，
and the energy loss was quantified using mathematical formulas. Secondly，energy loss functions that charac⁃
terized the relationship between the hydropower output and PV curtailment rate were derived based on
short-term operation simulations. Thirdly， the energy loss function was incorporated into a long-term opti⁃
mal operation model， yielding adaptive operating rules， as well as key factors that influenced end-of-year
reservoir water levels. A case study was carried out using the Longyangxia hydro-solar hybrid energy sys⁃
tem in China. The results show that：（1） the PV energy-loss function is S-shaped，indicating that the PV
curtailment rate would be high when the hydropower output was too low or too high；（2） the operating
rules with carryover water level/storage as the output variable and available energy as the input variable
could offer better guidance for the long-term operation of the hydro-solar hybrid energy system；（3） The
end-of-year water level is mainly influenced by the water level at the beginning of the year，the water in⁃
flow represented in energy form and hydropower production in that year， but it has little correlation with
PV power production in that year.
Keywords：hydro-solar hybrid energy systems；energy curtailment；medium and long-term operation；oper⁃
ating rules；end-of-year water level

（责任编辑：韩 昆）

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