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                       TheinfluenceofbaselineprecipitationontheaccuracyofGPM dataevaluation:
                             Acasestudyof“20170610”extremtprecipitationeventinNanjing
                                                                          1,2
                                          1,2
                                                                                       1,2
                                                                                                      1
                             1
                                                          3
                   ZHANGYe,HUQingfang ,HUANGYong,WANGYintang ,LILingjie ,YUNZhaode
                                  (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofHydrology - WaterResourcesandHydraulicEngineering,
                                        NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute,Nanjing 210029,China;
                             2.YangtzeRiverConservationandGreenDevelopmentResearchInstitute,Nanjing 210029,China;
                                      3.AnhuiInstituteofMeteorologicalSciences,Hefei 230031,China)
                  Abstract:Intheexistingliterature,therearetwomajormethodstoobtainreferenceprecipitationforevaluatingac
                  curacyofprecipitationretrievalsfromsatellitesuchasGPM :gaugesreferenceprecipitationandinterpolatesrefer
                  enceprecipitation.However ,existingstudiesarelimitedduetothelackofunderstandingabouttheeffectsofthe
                  twobenchmarkingmethodsinsatelliteprecipitationestimates (SPEs)evaluationandthestrategyandpriorityon
                  howtousethem.ThisworktakestheJune10 ,2017extremerainfalleventinNanjingasanexample.Weimple
                  mentaRandowextractionstudybyrandomlysamplingfromadensegaugenetworktoderivereferenceprecipitation
                  underdifferentgaugedensityscenarios.TheaccuracycharacteristicsofthreeGPM data(IMERGEarly,IMERG
                  LateandGSMaPNow)areanalyzedandcomparedusingthetworeferenceprecipitationestimationmethods.The
                  resultsshowthattheinfluenceofdifferentreferenceprecipitationestimationmethodsdependsonanalysisscale,
                  GPM datatype,evaluationmetric,andgaugesdensity.Takingtheinterpolatedreferencefromthehighestdensity
                  gaugesasground“truth”,theevaluationerrorsbasedonthetworeferenceprecipitationsarefurtherquantifiedun
                  derdifferentgaugesdensities.Acertaingauge - densitythresholdisidentifiedfortheevaluationof24 - hourcumula
                  tiverainfallandhourlyrainfall ,respectively.Ifraingaugedensityishigherthanthatthreshold,itismorereason
                  abletousetheinterpolation - basedreferenceestimationmethod ;otherwise,eitherinterpolation -orstation - based
                  referenceestimationmethodscanbeusedwithoutsignificantdifference.Thisstudydeepenstheunderstandingofer
                  rorcharacteristicsofGPMprecipitationproduct ,andprovidesaguidanceforreasonablydeterminingthegroundref
                  erenceforevaluationofSPEs.
                  Keywords:satellite - retrievedprecipitation;GPM;surfacereferenceprecipitation;accuracyverification;gaugedensity.

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