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                              Researchonthenumericalsimulationoftwo - stagelandslidedam
                                breachprocessandcharacterizationofbreachflowevolution

                                                         1,2,3
                                         1
                                                                           1,4
                           CHENLingchun,ZHONGQiming          ,MEIShengyao ,ZHANGLucheng      1
                         (1.DepartmentofGeotechnicalEngineering,NanjingHydraulicResearchInstitute,Nanjing 210024,China;
                                2.TheNationalKeyLaboratoryofWaterDisasterPrevention,Nanjing 210098,China;
                           3.KeyLaboratoryofDamReservoirSafetyoftheMinistryofWaterResources,Nanjing 210029,China;
                             4.CollegeofCibilandTransportationEngineering,HohaiUniversity,Nanjing 210098,China)

                  Abstract:Undertheinfluenceofstrongearthquakes,mountainouscanyonregionsarepronetoexperiencingland
                  slidesthatblockriversandformingcascadinglandslidedams.Oncetheoneoftheselandslidedamsbreaches,itcan
                  triggerachainreaction ,leadingtothesuccessivefailureofcascadinglandslidedamswhichposesasignificantthreat
                  tothelives,property,andinfrastructuredownstream.Basedonthethree - dimensionalReynolds - averagedNavier -
                  Stokesequations ,turbulentrenormalizationgroupmodeling,suspendedandbedloadtransportequations,andcon
                  sideringtheunstablecollapseofthedambreachslope ,byusingtheFiniteVolumeMethod,anumericalsimulation
                  methodforcalculatingthecascadingdambreachprocesshasbeendeveloped.Thisnumericalmethodcanbeusedto
                  simulatethehydrauliccharacteristicsandthedambreachmorphologyevolutionduringthecascadingfailureprocess.
                  Atypicalgeneralizedmodeltestonthebreachesoftwocascadinglandslidedamsischosenasthevalidationcase.The
                  comparisonofmeasuredandcalculatedresultsindicatesthat ,thebreachhydrographandbreachmorphologyevolution
                  processoftheupstreamanddownstreamdamsaregenerallyconsistent,andtherelativeerrorsofkeybreachingpa
                  rameters,suchaspeakbreachflowsoftheupstreamanddownstreamdams,andfloodroutingtimebetweentheinter
                  zone ,arelessthan±5%.Further,thecomparisonofthebreachhydrographsoftheupstreamanddownstreamdams
                  showsthat ,thereisanamplificationeffectofbreachfloodonthecascadinglandslidedamfailures.Threekeyparam
                  eters ,suchasdistancebetweenupstreamanddownstreamdams,riverchannelslope,anddownstreamdamheight,
                  areselectedtostudythefloodamplificationeffect.Theparametersensitivityanalysisshowsthat,thepeakbreach
                  flowatthedownstream dam decreaseswiththeincreasesofdistancebetweenthetwodamsanddownstream dam
                  height ,anditfollowsatrendofincreasingatfirstandthendecreasingwiththeincreaseofriverchannelslope.When
                  thefloodcausedbytheupstreamdamfailureflowedtothedownstreamdam ,itmayproducesurgethatovertopsand
                  erodesthedamcrest ,resultinginadecreaseinthedamcrestelevation.Thishasacertainimpactonthefailureoc
                  currencetimeandpeakbreachflowofthedownstreamdam ,andtheinfluenceofsurgeonthedownstreamdamfailure
                  processisrelatedtotheamountofwaterovertopsthedamcrestandtheerosioncharacteristicsofdammaterials.The
                  cascadingdamfailurecasesofXiaogangjian - upperandXiaogangjian - lowerareselectedastherepresentativesforthe
                  validation.Bycomparingthecalculatedandmeasuredbreachhydrographsandfinalbreachmorphologies ,therelative
                  errorsofthekeydambreachingparametersareallwithin±10%,whichverifytherationalityofthemodel’sapplica
                  tioninreal - wordcases.Theproposednumericalsimulationmethodcanprovideimportanttechnicalsupportforcasca
                  dinglandslidedamfailureriskassessmentandemergencytreatment.
                  Keywords:cascadinglandslidedams;cascadingbreaching;detailednumericalsimulationmethod;amplification
                  effect ;parametersensitivityanalysis


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