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                     Observationandanalysisofwatertemperatureandicecoverinthemiddlerouteof
                               South - to - NorthWaterDiversionProjectin2014 - 2022winter

                                                                                     1
                                 1
                                             2
                                                          1
                                                                           1
                   DUANWengang,HAOZejia,YANGJinbo,HUANGMinghai,LIUBei,XINGMengyuan                    1
                                    (1.ChangjiangRiverScientificResearchInstitute,Wuhan 430010,China;
                             2.ChinaSouth - to - NorthWaterTransferGroupMiddleLineCo.,Ltd.,Beijing 100038,China)
                  Abstract:ThemiddlerouteofSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionProjecthasbeeninoperationfor8winterssinceits
                  fulloperationinDecember2014 ,andthewaterconveyanceflowiscontrolledto30%- 50% ofthedesignflowdur
                  ingtheiceperiodinordertopreventtheicejamdisaster ,whichseriouslyrestrictsthewaterconveyancebenefitsof
                  theproject.Therefore ,thechannelwatertemperatureandicecoverhavebeenoneofthekeyissuesinwinterwater
                  conveyance.Fieldmeasurementdatashowsthat ①Winterwaterconveyanceflowgenerallyincreasedyearbyyear,
                                                                                               3
                  andtheendcanalsectionremainedrelativelystable,theflowrateofGangtousluicewasabout50m ?s,thatof
                                           3
                  Beijumahesluicewasabout25m ?s;②Wintertemperatureshavegenerallybeenmostlywarm.Theminimumtem
                  peratureatBaodingstationwas - 22.0℃,andthe3dmovingtemperaturepolewas - 10.7℃.Ashort - termstrong
                  coldsnapmaybeacommonpatternforfutureicecovergeneration ;③Inwinter,thewatertemperaturedecreases
                  graduallyalongtherange ,withthelowestwatertemperatureattheheadofthedrainTaochasluicebeing6.7℃,
                  andattheendofthecanalBeijumahesluicefallingtoaround0℃ inmostyears.Themaximumdropofwatertem
                  peratureintheBeijumahesluicewasfrom3.5℃ to0℃ in10d ,andinthecanalsectionreached1.7℃?100km
                  duringtheperiod ;④Thelongesticecoverwas280kminwinter2016,followedby73kminwinter2015and38
                  kminwinter2021,andnoicecoverwasgeneratedinwinter2020and2022.Nearly90km ofGangtousluiceto
                  Beijumahesluicesisthesectionwithfrequenticecover ,whichshouldbeaconcern.Basedonthemeasureddata
                  beforeicecovergeneration ,theinitialwatertemperatureandintervalairtemperaturemodelisusedtofitthecon
                  cisewatertemperaturepredictionmodelandthecriticalthresholdoficecoverformationwithdifferentforecasttime
                  linessof2d ,3dand7d.Thepreliminaryanalysisconcludesthat:wintertemperatureandwaterflowarethetwo
                  maindriversoficecovergeneration ,thelowertheflowthelowerthetemperaturetheeasieritistogenerateicecov
                  er ,andtheshort - termstrongcoldwaveinJanuaryismoreconducivetoicecovergeneration.Thesevereiceregime
                  inwinter2016wastheresultofacombinationoftwofactors;thewinter2015icecoverwasmainlyinducedbylow
                  waterdeliveryflows ,whilethewinter2021icecoverismainlyduetoashort - termstrongcoldsnap.
                  Keywords:MiddleRouteofSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionProject;winterwatertemperature;icecover;
                  strongcoldwave;icecoverformationthreshold

                                                                                    (责任编辑:李福田)










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