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                     Wintertimecharacteristicvariabilityoficedistributionandwatertransferefficiency
                     improvementinCentralRouteofSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionProjectinChina

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                         GUOXinlei,PANJiajia,YUANXimin,WANGJun,LUOQiushi,SUXia
                            (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandRegulationofWaterCycleinRiverBasin,ChinaInstituteof
                                      WaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch ,Beijing 100038,China;
                          2.TianjinUniversity,Tianjin 300072,China;3.HefeiUniversityofTechnology,Hefei 230009,China;
                                4.YellowRiverEngineeringConsultingCorporationLimited,Zhengzhou 450003,China;
                           5.ChinaSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionMiddleRouteCorporationLimited,Beijing 100038,China)
                  Abstract:TheefficiencyandsafetymanagementoftheCentralRouteoftheSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionPro
                  ject (CRSNWD)duringwinteraresignificantlyimpactedbyice.Toimproveitsperformance,itiscrucialtogaina
                  betterunderstandingofwatertemperatureandicedistributionwithinthesystem.Thispapercompiles11winters ’
                  fieldobservations,includingmeteorologicaldata,hydrauliccharacteristics, andicedistributionsfrom 2011to
                  2022.Thestudyaimstoillustratethespatialandtemporalvariabilityofwatertemperatureandicedistribution,un
                  derstandthedrivingfactorsbehindicepropagationinthesystem,andproposeice - preventionplansforwintertime
                  watertransfer.Theresultsoffieldobservationsrevealthattheice - affectedregionissmallerandhasashorterdura
                  tionthananticipated.TheareawithintheCRSNWDaffectedbyiceliesbetweentheQilihesiphonandBeijumahe
                  culverts ,whiletheicejam - affectedregionissituatedbetweentheHutuohesiphonandBeijumaheculverts.The
                  averageicethicknessovermultipleyearsis15cm ,withanextremevalueof2.9m,andthehistoricalwaterlevel
                  riseduetoicejamsis0.73m.WatertemperatureduringwinterdecreasesfromsouthtonorthintheCRSNWD,ex
                  hibitinganegativecorrelationwithflowdischargeandairtemperature.Thecriticalcross - sectionalaveragewater
                  temperaturesforborderice,icefloes,andicecoverare3.5℃,1.5℃ and0.25℃,respectively.Thestudyi
                  dentifiedairtemperature ,waterdiversiondischarge,solarradiation,andwindspeedasthemostdominantfactors
                  influencingiceprocessesinthesystem.SevereicejamsthatoccurredinJanuary2016resultedfromacombination
                  ofloweraccumulatedfreezingdegreedays ,largerflowdischarge,andashort - termcoldwave.Ahighwindspeed
                  intheCaoheductcausesarapiddecreaseinwatertemperatureandsignificanticeformation.Basedonthesefind
                  ings ,thestudyproposesshorteningoperationperiods,reducingice - affectedregions,optimizinghydrauliccontrol
                  parameters ,anddevelopingice - preventiontechniquestoenhancethewintertimeoperationoftheCRSNWD.
                  Keywords:watertemperatureandicedistribution;spatialandtemporalvariability;South - to - NorthWaterDi
                  version ;wintertimesafety;watertransferefficiency

                                                                                    (责任编辑:李福田)

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