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rizedbyregion.Differentthresholdvaluesforecologicalflowvelocityduringsensitiveperiodsareestablishedfordif
ferentregions(Northeast,Huang - Huai - Hai,Southwest,MiddleandlowerYangtzeRiver,South - Eastcoastalare
as ,andNorthwestregions)anddifferenttypesofrivers(bycatchmentarea,mountainreach,plainreach,etc.).
Theresultsindicatethattherecommendedaverageflowvelocityforallcategorizedregionsis0.66m?s,withmoun
tainouslargestationsaveraging0.94m?s ,mountainoussmallstationsaveraging0.62m?s,plainlargestationsaver
aging0.63m?s,andplainsmallstationsaveraging0.46m?s.Basedonthisthresholds,ecologicalflowtargetsdur
ingsensitiveperiodsarecalculatedfor217riversegmentsdesignatedforfishspawninghabitatprotectionnationwide.
Ananalysisoftherationalityandadaptabilityofthethresholdsisconductedinconjunctionwithresultsfromwetted
perimetermethodforcertainsections.Theverificationresultsdemonstratethattheapplicablethresholdsandmeth
odologyaresuitablefordiverserivertypesandscales ,therebyofferingvaluableinsightsformanagingandcontrol
lingsensitiveecologicalflowinChineserivers.
Keywords:sensitiveecologicalflow;fishspawning;ecologicalflowproportion;ecologicalflowvelocity;threshold
(责任编辑:耿庆斋)
(上接第 189页)
AdetailedenergybudgetmodelfortheCentralRouteofthe
South - to - NorthWaterDiversionProjectinChina
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PANJiajia,GUOXinlei,WANGTao,FUHui,CHENYuzhuang,LIMingxing
(1.StateKeyLaboratoryofSimulationandRegulationofWaterCycleinRiverBasin,ChinaInstituteof
WaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch ,Beijing 100038,China;
2.ChinaSouth - to - NorthWaterDiversionMiddleRouteCorporationLimited,Beijing 100038,China)
Abstract:ThewintertimeheatexchangeiscrucialforthesafetymanagementoftheCentralRouteoftheSouth - to
- NorthWaterDiversionProject (CRSNWD).Giventhecomplexityofinteractionsinheatexchangeprocessesof
watercoursesandlimitedwaterenergybudgetmodels ,thispaperproposesadetailedenergybudgetmodelfor
CRSNWDbasedonvariousmeteorologicalparameters.Themodeltakesintoaccountfactorssuchassolarradia
tion ,cloudcover,wateralbedo,longwaveradiation,evaporativeheattransfer,conductiveheattransferatthe
watersurface ,andheatlossduetoprecipitationinthecanal.Thelongwaveradiationisthenetbalanceofab
sorbedatmosphericlongwaveradiationandemittedonesbythewatersurface.Utilizingfivewinters ’gaugingdata
ofwatertemperature, airtemperature, relative humidity, airpressure, wind speed, and solarradiation
collectedafterthecompletionofCRSNWD ,themodelhasbeenappliedtoanalyzethetotalheatfluxanditsfour
componentsatBeijumahe ,Caoheduct,andHutuohesiphon.Thesimulationsandobservedresultsindicatethat
duringwinter ,thewaterinchannelslosesheatduetolowerairtemperaturecomparedtothewater.Furthermore,
thesolarradiationplaysthemostsignificantroleinthenetheatflux,followedbylongwaveradiation,evapora
tiveheattransfer ,andconductiveheattransfer.Theircontributionstothetotalenergybudgetare43.1%,30.
9%,17.2%,8.8%,respectively.Theproposedmodelquantifiestheheatexchangeprocessesduringwinter
watertransferinCRSNWD ,servingasausefultoolforhigh - resolutionsimulationsofwatertemperature,ice
processes ,andfutureimprovementstowaterdiversion.
Keywords:energybudget;detailedmeteorologicalparameters;South - to - NorthWaterDiversion;wintertime;
numericalmodel
(责任编辑:李福田)
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