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                              Research on the calculation method of frictional resistance in the
                                             lower reaches of the Yellow River

                                                 HOU Lin, ZHANG Hongwu
                           (State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing  100084, China)

                  Abstract: Determining resistance of moving bed is one of the most challenging topics in the field of water conser⁃
                  vancy, as it plays an important role in the simulating flood evolution in alluvial channels and calculating riverbed e⁃
                  rosion and sedimentation. Early scholars such as Chien, based on the results of Einstein and Barbarossa, further
                  plotted the relationship between the hydraulic parameters of sand particles ψ and the friction parameter A of the
                  Manning-Strickle roughness formula, and established the friction curve ψ-A for the lower Yellow River. On the
                  basis of supplementing measured data and analysis, Ma Rui unified the variation pattern after ψ<0.4 and the origi⁃
                  nal curve, which has improved its academic and practical value. This article combines typical data and new experi⁃
                  mental data, and based on the physical graph of ‘as the water flow intensity increases, the bed shape develops
                  from a static flat bed to sand ridges and ridges, and then to a dynamic flat bed and reverse wave’. The results
                  present the actual situation where sand wave resistance does not form in a static flat bed state, resulting in low water
                  flow resistance. It revealed that as the water flow intensity increased from small to large, the entire process of static
                  flat bed, sand ripple, sand wave development, attenuation to dynamic flat bed and even retrograde sand wave
                  would appear on the bed surface in sequence. The verification results using 2450 sets of measured data from the
                  lower reaches of the Yellow River show that the water depth calculated by the friction correction curve method in this
                  paper is quite similar to the measured values, with a correlation coefficient of 0.872 and a relative error of only
                  16.3%. On this basis, using Zhang’s velocity distribution formula to replace the logarithmic velocity distribution
                  formula not only avoids the trouble of multiple trial calculations with correction parameters, but also overcomes the
                  inherent defect of the logarithmic formula that is prone to unreasonable numerical values in the near bottom flow re⁃
                  gion, further improving the calculation accuracy and practical value.
                  Keywords: flow resistance; the lower Yellow River; roughness; friction parameter; friction curve; hydraulic
                  parameter; bed surface morphology


                                                                            (责任编辑: 鲁  婧  韩  昆)





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